Hamlet’s Minor Characters :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlets Minor Characters   Hamlet   It is reasonable to wonder what Shakespeare had in mind while makeup Hamlet. After all, Shakespeare wasnt a philosopher or historian, or even a literary critic. He was a playwright. He didnt leave us critical essays examining his work. It is left to us to examine his work and decide for ourselves, if we care to, what Shakespeare was thinking. Did he know that he was writing a drama of deep psychological significance, a play which would last be viewed and read the world over, produced many times over hundreds of years, taught in schools, and thought of as one of the worlds greatest plays? I, for one, imagine him crossing the t in the last word of the play, putting down his pen, and saying I hope it runs a year. Yet Hamlet is an extremely complex play. To appreciate the imagination which went into the human beings of this tragedy, lets first delve into what is putatively Shakespeares most complex tragedy, King Lear. Lear has three d aughters Cordelia, who is faithful and unappreciated by Lear, and Regan and Goneril who receive everything at his hands and betray him. These themes of misplaced bed and filial betrayal are mirrored in the subplot of the play, the relationship between the Earl of Gloster and his two sons, Edmund, who is supported and approved by Gloster and betrays him, and Edgar, who unjustly becomes a fugitive from his fathers wrath. The mirror is whole. In it we view Cordelias reflection and chance Edgar, while Regans and Gonerils reflections, which are of one face, show us Edmund.   In the main plot of Hamlet, Hamlets father has been murdered. Hamlet swears revenge, just feigns madness and delays. In the subplot, the chamberlain, Polonius, is murdered by Hamlet. One of Poloniuss children, Laertes, swears revenge, while the other, his daughter Ophelia, goes mad.  Here, the mirror is cracked. Hamlets reflection is splintered. We see one part of him, his revenge motive, in Laertes action , and we see his pretended madness in Ophelias piteous condition. More than this, Hamlets image is dimmed compared to those of his counterparts. Hamlet speaks of revenge, but procrastinates Laertes instantly raises and army and attacks the kingdom, but he must be satisfied over his fathers murder. Hamlet only acts mad Ophelias madness is too real. Besides production, full-house ticket sales, and royalties-the playwrights typical goals, what was Shakespeare reaching for?

Comparing the Behavioral Perspective and the Cognitive Perspective :: Psychology

Comparing the Behavioral Perspective and the Cognitive Perspective The behavioural perspective is the idea that if psychology was to be a science, then it must focus on events, which ar directly observable on sort, rather than on mental life. The fashional perspective maintains the primary emphasis on observable air and its congener to environmental events. Behavioral perspective is through reinforcement, which is the idea that patterns of emitted behavior can be selected by their consequences. Cognitive perspective is centered on the description of the character and development of the representation of knowledge. It comes from three points of view, which argon the theory of information processing, the inability of behaviorism to provide a comprehensive account for all aspects of human behavior, and the blueprint of the computer.Behavioral perspective is the theory that the majority of all behavior is learned from the environment after birth. Freewi ll is considered to be an illusion, because our environment determines behavior. Behaviorists believe that only behavior should be observed, not our minds, since we cannot see into other peoples minds. There is no way to know if a person is honestly answering a question so it is irrelevant. Behaviorists use strict laboratory experiments, ordinarily on animals, such as rats or pigeons. They test animals because the laws of learning are universal, there are only a quantitative difference between animals and humans, and animals are practically and ethically more convenient to test.Cognitive psychologists think that mental processes should and can be investigated scientifically.Comparing the Behavioral Perspective and the Cognitive Perspective psychological science Comparing the Behavioral Perspective and the Cognitive Perspective The behavioral perspective is the idea that if psychology was to be a science, then it must focus on events, which are directly observable on behavior, rather than on mental life. The behavioral perspective maintains the primary emphasis on observable behavior and its relation to environmental events. Behavioral perspective is through reinforcement, which is the idea that patterns of emitted behavior can be selected by their consequences. Cognitive perspective is centered on the description of the nature and development of the representation of knowledge. It comes from three points of view, which are the theory of information processing, the inability of behaviorism to provide a comprehensive account for all aspects of human behavior, and the invention of the computer.Behavioral perspective is the theory that the majority of all behavior is learned from the environment after birth. Freewill is considered to be an illusion, because our environment determines behavior. Behaviorists believe that only behavior should be observed, not our minds, since we cannot see into other peoples minds. There is no way to kn ow if a person is honestly answering a question so it is irrelevant. Behaviorists use strict laboratory experiments, usually on animals, such as rats or pigeons. They test animals because the laws of learning are universal, there are only a quantitative difference between animals and humans, and animals are practically and ethically more convenient to test.Cognitive psychologists think that mental processes should and can be investigated scientifically.

desegregation historiography Essay -- essays research papers fc

Equality and disturb opportunity are two terms that adjudge changed or have been redefined over the last 100 years in America. The fathers of our constitution wanted to establish justice and secure liberty for the people of the United States. They wrote about freedom and equality for men, but historic totallyy it has not been practiced. In the twentieth century large steps have been made to make the United States practice the mentationls tell in the Constitution and Bill of Rights. The major changes following Rosa Parks refusal to give up her bus seat to a young blank man and the Brown v. Board of Education trial in 1954. These Supreme Court rulings altered American society and began the desegregation and integration movements. In the 1950s many writers took interest in writing about segregation, desegregation, integration and black history in general. Many historians write about segregation still vivacious today and the problems in which integration never had the chance to c orrect.Many works about desegregation were written in the years to follow, was it a good idea and would it last? Murray Friedman, Roger Meltzer and Charles Miller put a collection of essays together in the mid 70s discussing integration and the many different views pertaining to desegregation in its first fifteen years. Major changes have taken place in American lives that have not been fully absorbed in our thinking that capture confusion and bitterness. The authors agree that the original goal of civil rights forces was the dismantling of school systems segregated under law, despite the strong resistance, was successful in some places. atomic number 91 is one state that issued programs to integrate schools that were successful. Another topic addressed in New Perspectives on School Integration is the study of ethnic groups in schools. At the time programs only study the present or dominant ethnic group at a specific school. It changes from school to school rather than teaching m ethod ethnicities of many different American groups. The goal in teaching American ethnic culture should include a wide range of content. If schools were to teach all ethnicities to every child, no matter their race, it would benefit and prepare students whom go away be entering an integrated society instead of a desegregated society.Desegregation effects on the achievements of black and white students show improvement. James Coleman ... ...States was founded on principles of equality, liberty and the right to exercise them freely. In the Constitution the ideals of the American Creed have thus live on the highest law of the land. Kozol also describes the American Dilemma and brings it to life for his readers. The values of the American Creed have historically not extended on a equal basis. The fallacy lies in the ideals of American foundations, if Americans would live up to the lofty ideals, then the race problem in the United States would disappear. Segregating still does exist today and will keep living until we are able to go into cities and change their education program and make funding and instruction equal.BibliographyFriedman, M., R. Meltzer, C. Miller. New Perspectives on School Integration. Philadelphia vindication weight-lift, 1979Harris, Ian M. Criteria for Evaluating School Desegregation in Milwaukee. The Journal of Negro Education, Vol.52, No.4 (Autumn, 1983), 423-435.Kozol, Jonathan. Savage Inequalities Children in Americas Schools. New York, New York Crown Publishers Inc., 1992.Samuels, Albert L., Black Colleges and the Challenge to Desegregation. Lawrence, Kansas University Press of Kansas, 2004.

Foreign and Drug Policy Essay -- American Government Politics Essays

Foreign and Drug Policy In examining the transitions in US government policy related to drug abuse and trafficking, historians are consistently confronted with the difficult task of analyzing the different motivations for variations in strategy from the Nixon administration to the present. In this particularised case, our investigation centers upon the interplay of United States foreign policy in Latin America in the 1980s (pursued mostly by the CIA) and the broad campaign against drugs both at home and abroad. At first glance, one might suppose that a moral ideology such as the war on drugs would be a multi-faceted operation with little available room for compromise. After all, an analogous crusade against terrorism has emerged as the overriding logic and driving force behind authorized foreign policy, so why shouldnt narcoterrorism have a similar place in initiatives abroad? It would make sense that since we are now commit to eliminating any support for states that sponsor t errorism, nations like Colombia, Panama, Nicaragua, and Honduras should be dealt with in a similar manner for their complicity in drug trafficking. As we now know, this was not the case, hence further scrutiny is required. The framework for this compend will be an in depth reading of multiple sources with differing viewpoints chronicling the events in the expansion of the Latin American narcotics trade.Our analysis begins with Oliver North, the military coordinator ultimately empowered by the National Security Council to conduct and oversee covert operations supporting Nicaraguan rebels, the Contras, in their resistance campaign. As part of Reagans fierce stance against communism, Latin America had become a battleground between American CIA ... ...ionale and a new direction for combating the widespread narcotics abuse in America, namely increased investment in treatment of addiction. Works CitedKerry, John et al. Senate Committee Report on Drugs, Law Enforcement, and Forei gn Policy. on tap(predicate) online http//www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/ARCHIVE/KERRY.html. Access date 5/25/04.Korsmeyer, Pamela and David Musto. The Quest for Drug Control. Yale University Press New Haven, 2002.Marshall, Jonathan and Peter Dale Scott. Cocaine Politics Drugs, Armies, and the CIA in exchange America. University of California Press Los Angeles, 1991.Massing, Michael. The Fix. University of California Press Los Angeles, 1999.PBS Frontline. Interview with Oliver North. Available online http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/special/north.html. Access date 5/23/04.

Survival Processing Essay -- Sociology

Numerous studies have shown the human mind has a heightened ability to encode nurture relevant to our choice. During the standard paradigm used for proving a basis for excerption processing, participants were instructed to imagine themselves in an unknown grassland without access to basic needs (Kostic, McFarlan, & Cleary, 2012). The subjects were then asked to stray a list of items based on how useful they would be given the survival scenario (Kostic et al., 2012). Following a short delay, the participants were then asked to recall or jazz items, which had previously been presented (Kostic et al., 2012). Based on the findings researchers were able to conclude words pertaining to our survival are better retained then words that are not, even when the survival scenario was changed to various situations such as a bank robbery (Kang, McDermott & Cohen, 2008), a vacation scene (Nairne, & Pandeirada, 2008), or survival in a large metropolis setting (Nairne & Pandeirada, 2010). Altho ugh recent research has been able to clearly define what survival processing is there are more aspects, which have been explored and investigated which will be discussed at bottom the confines of this paper. The two main areas that will be focused on are the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon and some of its limitations a conclusion will then be drawn on future directions of study within this topic. It could be assumed face perception would fit the criteria of important survival information and thus the advantages of survival processing would also be in effect. Yet a study conducted by Savine, Scullin and Roediger (2011) looked at survival processing in relation to faces to test if this was a limitation of this type of processing. Researchers cond... ... Cognition, 33(2), 263-273.Nairne, J. S., & Pandeirada, J. S. (2008). Adaptive memory Remembering with a stone-age brain. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 239243. Nairne, J. S., & Pandeirada, J. S. (2010). A daptive memory Ancestral priorities and the mnemonic values of survival processing. Cognitive Psychology, 61(1), 1-22.Savine, A. C., Scullin, M. K., & Roediger, H. (2011). Survival processing of faces. remembrance & Cognition, 39(8), 1359-1373.Smeets, T., Otgaar, H., & Raymaekers, L. (2012). Survival processing in times of stress. Psychon Bull Rev, 19, 113-118.Tse, C., & Altarriba, J. (2010). Does survival processing enhance implicit memory?. Memory & Cognition, 38(8), 1110-1121.Weinstein, Y., Bugg, J. M., & Roediger, H. (2008). Can the survival recall advantage be explained by basic memory processes?. Memory & Cognition, 36(5), 913-919.

Survival Processing Essay -- Sociology

Numerous studies have shown the human mind has a heightened ability to encode information relevant to our survival. During the standard paradigm used for proving a basis for survival processing, participants were instructed to imagine themselves in an unknown grassland without access to basic needs (Kostic, McFarlan, & Cleary, 2012). The subjects were whence asked to rate a list of items based on how useful they would be given the survival scenario (Kostic et al., 2012). Following a short delay, the participants were accordingly asked to recall or recognize items, which had previously been presented (Kostic et al., 2012). Based on the findings researchers were able to conclude words pertaining to our survival are better retained then words that are not, eventide when the survival scenario was changed to various situations such as a bank robbery (Kang, McDermott & Cohen, 2008), a vacation scene (Nairne, & Pandeirada, 2008), or survival in a gargantuan city setting (Nairne & Pande irada, 2010). Although recent research has been able to clearly define what survival processing is there are more aspects, which have been explored and investigated which will be discussed within the confines of this paper. The two main areas that will be focused on are the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon and some of its limitations a conclusion will then be drawn on future directions of study within this topic. It could be assumed face perception would fit the criteria of important survival information and hence the advantages of survival processing would also be in effect. Yet a study conducted by Savine, Scullin and Roediger (2011) looked at survival processing in relation to faces to examine if this was a limitation of this type of processing. Researchers cond... ... Cognition, 33(2), 263-273.Nairne, J. S., & Pandeirada, J. S. (2008). Adaptive warehousing Remembering with a stone-age brain. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 239243. Nairne, J. S., & Pandeirada, J. S. (2010). Adaptive memory Ancestral priorities and the mnemonic determine of survival processing. Cognitive Psychology, 61(1), 1-22.Savine, A. C., Scullin, M. K., & Roediger, H. (2011). Survival processing of faces. Memory & Cognition, 39(8), 1359-1373.Smeets, T., Otgaar, H., & Raymaekers, L. (2012). Survival processing in times of stress. Psychon Bull Rev, 19, 113-118.Tse, C., & Altarriba, J. (2010). Does survival processing enhance implicit memory?. Memory & Cognition, 38(8), 1110-1121.Weinstein, Y., Bugg, J. M., & Roediger, H. (2008). Can the survival recall advantage be explained by basic memory processes?. Memory & Cognition, 36(5), 913-919.